Impact of oxidative stress SNPs and dietary antioxidant quality score on prostate cancer.

Purpose: To analyse the relation between antioxidant genotypes and Dietary Antioxidant Quality score (DAQs) effect on prostate cancer (PCa) risk and aggressiveness in a Spanish population.Methods: Men (N = 155 patients and 152 controls) with PSA values >4 ng/ml were enrolled in the project. DAQs were used considering the daily recommended intake for Spanish people (DRI). Genotyping of 5 SNPs rs662 (PON1), rs10432782 (SOD1), rs4880 (SOD2), rs17650792 (GPX1) and rs1001179 (CAT) were included for the analysis.Results: rs17650792 was statistically significant between case and controls subjects. When comparing D´Amico risk, we found that rs662 (CC), rs10432782 (G allele) and rs17650792 (GG) confer a protection. When testing SNP-antioxidant nutrients interactions, we found an intake of vitamin A and rs100179 (T carriers) and selenium and rs17650792 (G carriers) confers a protection of being in low risk classification.Conclusions: We reported by the first time a correlation between rs662 (PON1) and PCa aggressiveness.

Genetic markers a landscape in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The observed variability in progression and responses to the same treatment between patients underlie the genetic heterogeneity of the disease. Nowadays, screening and follow-up biomarkers in PC are still having a deep lack of information, which makes difficult the cancer diagnosis, prognosis and the selection of the most suitable therapies. This is making that currently unnecessary biopsies, over-treatments and hormonoresistances have high rates of prevalence among patients. New biomarkers are urgently needed and in this sense genomic biomarkers could be the most suitable tools. These genetic markers will be helpful for improving the precision of prognostic and the predictive current tools which are employed in the clinical practice. A recent literature search up was conducted, including clinical trials and pre-clinical basic research studies. Keywords included germline variants, prostate cancer, biomarkers, androgen deprivation therapy, screening and liquid biopsy; among others. We have reviewed how germline variants, CNVs and repetitive regions are relevant to prostate carcinogenesis, treatment and progression. Moreover, we have also considered novel biomarkers for PC prognosis based on differentially expressed genes. Finally, we have included new strategies in recent markers of liquid biopsy or updated technologies for minimal samples analysis. The improvement of genetic markers use and their application to the clinical practice, will enhance the variability of simple, non-invasive, tools such as liquid biopsy and germline variants, these will reduce the number of PC needle biopsies and current over-treatments that are usual in the management of this cancer.

Somatic Mutations in Prostate Cancer: Closer to Personalized Medicine.

The molecular cause of prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear; however, its progression involves androgen, PI3K/Akt, and PTEN signaling, as cycle and apoptotic pathways. Alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as PIK3CA, BRAF, KRAS and TP53 are not very common. Recently, somatic mutations have been discovered in relation to cancer progression mainly in genes such as PIK3CA; however, little data has been described in PCa. Nowadays genetic tools allow us to investigate multiple details about the biological heterogeneity of PCa, to better understand the mechanisms of disease progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, if the most relevant somatic mutations were included during screening, we could identify the best treatment for the right patient, bringing us closer to personalized medicine. The main objective of this article is to provide a review of the principal somatic mutations that appear to have a relevant role in hormonal cancers, like prostate cancer.

Cistocele escrotal incidental. Signo de la mancuerna / Incidental finding of scrotal. Cystocele dumbbell sign

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[Ureterocutaneous fistula after nephrectomy: two cases]. / Fístula ureterocutánea tras nefrectomía: aportación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura.

The ureteral fistulas are related to the gynecological surgery, digestive surgery and reconstructive urologic surgery of the upper urinary tract. Fistulas are described ureterovaginal, ureteroduodenal, ureterocolonic, ureteropleural, ureterovascular, etc. However, the ureterocutaneous fistulas of the ureteral stump after nephrectomy are a very unusual entity. We report two cases as well as their resolution by means of surgery.

Fístula ureterocutánea tras nefrectomía: aportación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Ureterocutaneous fistula after nephrectomy: two cases

Las fístulas ureterales se relacionan con la cirugía ginecológica, cirugía digestiva y cirugía urológica reconstructiva del aparato urinario superior. Están descritas fístulas ureterovaginales, ureteroduodenales, ureterocolónicas, ureteropleurales, ureterovasculares, etc. Sin embargo, las fístulas ureterocutáneas del muñón ureteral tras nefrectomía son una entidad muy inusual. Presentamos dos casos así como su resolución mediante cirugía (AU)

The ureteral fistulas are related to the gynecological surgery, digestive surgery and reconstructive urologic surgery of the upper urinary tract. Fistulas are described ureterovaginal, ureteroduodenal, ureterocolonic, ureteropleural, ureterovascular, etc. However, the ureterocutaneous fistulas of the ureteral stump after nephrectomy are a very unusual entity. We report two cases as well as their resolution by means of surgery (AU)